1 00:00:01,580 --> 00:00:14,480 \h Please welcome Mary Sanchez, Senior Director of Space Exploration Systems for Sierra-Nevada Corporation. [ applause ] 2 00:00:14,480 --> 00:00:16,570 \h Mary Sanchez: Good morning. This morning I'd like to talk to you about 3 00:00:16,570 --> 00:00:21,340 \h following your dreams and how America can build Spaceships. 4 00:00:21,340 --> 00:00:25,180 \h America is number one in Space which a lot of people seem to forget. 5 00:00:25,180 --> 00:00:31,320 \h I found Luis' video interesting about NASA, they've shut their doors, they've gone away from home. 6 00:00:31,320 --> 00:00:35,630 \h America still needs Spaceships. We started with the innovation. 7 00:00:35,630 --> 00:00:39,900 \h Two brothers, wright brothers, back in 1903 started together. 8 00:00:39,900 --> 00:00:45,670 \h They were bicycle repairmen and got together and said, we can do this flight thing. 9 00:00:45,670 --> 00:00:49,470 \h We can innovate, and we can achieve. They did. 10 00:00:49,470 --> 00:00:54,710 \h This went on to the cold war during the "Apollo" era where we had the rocket 11 00:00:54,710 --> 00:00:59,340 \h on the launch pad here and had our nation's heroes walk on the moon. 12 00:00:59,340 --> 00:01:06,590 \h In 1969, i was a 7-year-old watching a little grainy black and white TV and said, wow, this is great. 13 00:01:06,590 --> 00:01:12,280 \h I want to grow up, i want to be a test pilot. I want to be an astronaut, work for NASA. 14 00:01:12,280 --> 00:01:16,780 \h I want to go to mars, and i want to do all of these things in my lifetime. 15 00:01:16,780 --> 00:01:21,580 \h I was really lucky. In high school, got to see the first Mars lander. 16 00:01:21,580 --> 00:01:30,440 \h Got to see the pictures, the great landscapes. We recently landed a rover on mars in, 17 00:01:30,440 --> 00:01:34,990 \h what was it, two weeks ago, three weeks ago. The "Curiosity" rover. 18 00:01:34,990 --> 00:01:39,580 \h We're still trying to achieve. One of the things we really want to make sure 19 00:01:39,580 --> 00:01:46,020 \h that America remembers is they are a Space nation, and we will get back to Space. 20 00:01:46,020 --> 00:01:50,990 \h We have a mission. This mission is to send humans to Space, to send 21 00:01:50,990 --> 00:01:55,050 \h humans to do exploration, to do science, to do research. 22 00:01:55,050 --> 00:01:58,320 \h And we believe that America can get back there. 23 00:01:58,320 --> 00:02:01,750 \h Some of these vehicles will launch from the Kennedy Space Center. 24 00:02:01,750 --> 00:02:07,000 \h They will climb back once to orbit from this coast. They'll go on to orbit, 25 00:02:07,000 --> 00:02:09,370 \h they will dock to the Space station. 26 00:02:09,370 --> 00:02:12,160 \h They'll remain on the Space station as a rescue vehicle in order 27 00:02:12,160 --> 00:02:15,170 \h to bring home the crews in case of emergency. 28 00:02:15,170 --> 00:02:22,480 \h They'll come back, they'll de-orbit, and they'll come and land here at the Kennedy Space Center. 29 00:02:22,480 --> 00:02:24,330 \h You'll have the crews come out. 30 00:02:24,330 --> 00:02:31,760 \h They'll be able to bring their payloads out, bring their science out, and recycle and go to another launch. 31 00:02:31,760 --> 00:02:34,900 \h So we can build Spaceships. One of the things i wanted to talk to 32 00:02:34,900 --> 00:02:38,050 \h but is the innovation at this point Spaceship building. 33 00:02:38,050 --> 00:02:42,650 \h You see the Space shuttle here, one of the most magnificent flying machines ever built. 34 00:02:42,650 --> 00:02:45,770 \h I was lucky enough to work for NASA for 25 years. 35 00:02:45,770 --> 00:02:51,370 \h Spent a lot of time here supporting the launch, processing landings, 36 00:02:51,370 --> 00:02:56,020 \h getting to Crawl through the Space shuttle. 37 00:02:56,020 --> 00:02:59,280 \h I had the opportunity to actually come and climb into the Space shuttle to help 38 00:02:59,280 --> 00:03:03,840 \h pull cargo off right after it was landing where you could still smell Space. 39 00:03:03,840 --> 00:03:08,160 \h I could also smell two weeks of people without showers when you went in there. 40 00:03:08,160 --> 00:03:11,700 \h But it was a marvelous flying machine. It was great. 41 00:03:11,700 --> 00:03:17,730 \h And it's unfortunate that we Actually as a nation had to choose to retire the Space shuttle, 42 00:03:17,730 --> 00:03:22,580 \h but there are other future Spaceships coming. They're being built by multiple companies. 43 00:03:22,580 --> 00:03:27,700 \h Some are in traditional contracting methods, like the Orion Spaceship where Lockheed 44 00:03:27,700 --> 00:03:34,000 \h is building it using traditional government contracts, requirement, acceptance. 45 00:03:34,000 --> 00:03:37,080 \h That's how the Space shuttle was president. That's how "Apollo" was built. 46 00:03:37,080 --> 00:03:40,870 \h That's how many of the other Spacecrafts would have been built in this nation. 47 00:03:40,870 --> 00:03:44,420 \h The other thing happening is a commercial crew program where there are 48 00:03:44,420 --> 00:03:48,610 \h three companies working to do things a little bit more innovatively. 49 00:03:48,610 --> 00:03:53,480 \h To work in a partnership with NASA, where companies co-invest with NASA. 50 00:03:53,480 --> 00:03:59,250 \h Each of the companies have brought forth their own money and ideas, and they're designing a 51 00:03:59,250 --> 00:04:07,380 \h Spaceship that will meet NASA requirements and also serve other markets and hopefully will commercialize Space. 52 00:04:07,380 --> 00:04:16,340 \h One of the neat things about the way that the commercial crew program works is NASA gives companies money, requirements. 53 00:04:16,340 --> 00:04:20,610 \h They say build me a Spaceship that will do these things. 54 00:04:20,610 --> 00:04:24,510 \h But then the companies have an opportunity that to see come back to NASA. 55 00:04:24,510 --> 00:04:29,880 \h The expertise in human Spaceflight lies within NASA. The propulsion expertise, 56 00:04:29,880 --> 00:04:34,650 \h the rendezvous and docking expertise, the launch, the landing well. 57 00:04:34,650 --> 00:04:41,160 \h All of those areas rely within NASA at Kennedy Space Center, at the Centers, Johnson Space Center, 58 00:04:41,160 --> 00:04:46,140 \h Goddard, Marshall, all of those places have a world classwork force. 59 00:04:46,140 --> 00:04:48,860 \h The contracting mechanism with the commercial Spaceflight allows 60 00:04:48,860 --> 00:04:54,030 \h the government an innovative way to do business. 61 00:04:54,030 --> 00:05:00,330 \h The government says, okay, there are some things we can do better and contract back out to you, 62 00:05:00,330 --> 00:05:07,720 \h the contractor, to allow you to get the best in class, the best available. 63 00:05:07,720 --> 00:05:11,180 \h One of the Spaceships that's being built is the "dream chaser." 64 00:05:11,180 --> 00:05:16,010 \h this is kind of interesting because it actually started in a very circuitous route. 65 00:05:16,010 --> 00:05:20,460 \h back in the 1980's the russians saw the space shuttle and thought this is really neat. 66 00:05:20,460 --> 00:05:25,720 \h we wish we had a vehicle that could go to space, come back, launch and land on a runway. 67 00:05:25,720 --> 00:05:29,330 \h they invented what they called the Bor-4 spaceplane. 68 00:05:29,330 --> 00:05:35,030 \h The Spacecraft was designed to be a Space-based fighter plane. 69 00:05:35,030 --> 00:05:40,340 \h It was going it launch with the crew of one, the original concept was you would put 70 00:05:40,340 --> 00:05:44,520 \h three in a launch vehicle, they would go up and do war in Space. 71 00:05:44,520 --> 00:05:48,370 \h They would protect Space, they would protect their assets. 72 00:05:48,370 --> 00:05:53,770 \h Well, back in the '80s, we happened to get photographs of it back in the height 73 00:05:53,770 --> 00:05:57,130 \h of the cold war when everybody spied on everybody and took pictures of everything. 74 00:05:57,130 --> 00:06:01,510 \h And the U.S. Government went to NASA and says, okay, we just saw this thing. 75 00:06:01,510 --> 00:06:08,290 \h What does it do? So NASA Langley built it and said this is pretty good, they did improvement, 76 00:06:08,290 --> 00:06:13,240 \h wind tunnel testing, did a lot of piloting handling evaluations. 77 00:06:13,240 --> 00:06:21,830 \h And in the early '90s came one a concept that would be a crew return vehicle for the Space station. 78 00:06:21,830 --> 00:06:24,330 \h NASA being NASA, they changed their mind. 79 00:06:24,330 --> 00:06:28,950 \h They actually ended up funding a different program which I worked as a NASA engineer 80 00:06:28,950 --> 00:06:34,470 \h called the X-38, also used in lifting body. This was all heritage NASA work. 81 00:06:34,470 --> 00:06:41,840 \h So the "Dream Chaser" is based on NASA heritage work taking benefit of what's already been done. 82 00:06:41,840 --> 00:06:45,680 \h We talked about the Russians. From the United States to Russia, 83 00:06:45,680 --> 00:06:49,810 \h there was a lot of the lifting body work going on, a lot of lifting body testing. 84 00:06:49,810 --> 00:06:57,300 \h The X-38 that I mentioned was based on the X-24 shape which was flown pie the air force. 85 00:06:57,300 --> 00:07:00,060 \h It was flown by suborbital flights as well as crew flights. 86 00:07:00,060 --> 00:07:03,240 \h And NASA actually built that and tested it in the '90s. 87 00:07:03,240 --> 00:07:07,180 \h You see some of the other vehicles that they've tested. 88 00:07:07,180 --> 00:07:09,720 \h And I like this because you see the video going on. 89 00:07:09,720 --> 00:07:14,160 \h If you look on the left side of the picture, those are all pictures taken from the air. 90 00:07:14,160 --> 00:07:20,200 \h Those were taken from an Australian p-3 of where the Australians saw the Russians 91 00:07:20,200 --> 00:07:23,730 \h recovering something from the ocean and went and took pictures. 92 00:07:23,730 --> 00:07:28,040 \h This was the original pictures they sent NASA were coming from. 93 00:07:28,040 --> 00:07:33,310 \h On the right, it's the pictures that the Russians did of the recovery. 94 00:07:33,310 --> 00:07:38,930 \h In one of the views you'll see the p-3 overflying -- you actually see the full 95 00:07:38,930 --> 00:07:47,220 \h circle of each side taking pictures of what they're doing. I'm a home build pilot. 96 00:07:47,220 --> 00:07:54,210 \h I helped build two, I'm building a third airplane. I love flying. I love building when i fly. 97 00:07:54,210 --> 00:07:57,670 \h One of the really great things about the new, innovative partnership, 98 00:07:57,670 --> 00:08:01,650 \h is it allows you to build a little, to test a little, to fly a little. 99 00:08:01,650 --> 00:08:05,290 \h And in that process you bring up the innovation of engineers. 100 00:08:05,290 --> 00:08:11,950 \h You've heard talk about collaboration, about innovation, involving people in the decision making process. 101 00:08:11,950 --> 00:08:17,310 \h What you see is called an engineering test article used for captive carry 102 00:08:17,310 --> 00:08:20,440 \h flights and relief flights at the end of the year. 103 00:08:20,440 --> 00:08:27,810 \h One of the great things about this type of sponsorship you allow engineers to do hands-on work. 104 00:08:27,810 --> 00:08:35,330 \h We had painting parties late at night where we had managers drilling holes to install the final air shelf. 105 00:08:35,330 --> 00:08:40,550 \h We had engineers working with paint trying to get the vehicle painted doing the hands-on work 106 00:08:40,550 --> 00:08:47,500 \h to where they felt ownership and commitment in the product that they were building. 107 00:08:47,500 --> 00:08:51,550 \h See great scenery, turns out Colorado's a great place to do test flights. Most people think of 108 00:08:51,550 --> 00:08:56,610 \h Edwards Air Force base which is actually a great place to do test flights to out of the research center. 109 00:08:56,610 --> 00:09:03,320 \h The captive carry of this vehicle was done just east of boulder, Colorado. 110 00:09:03,320 --> 00:09:06,090 \h One interesting thing is you look for a great big area when you're 111 00:09:06,090 --> 00:09:08,570 \h doing something that was helicopter flight. 112 00:09:08,570 --> 00:09:14,140 \h You look for a great, big area when you're carrying a helicopter that has no population, no people. 113 00:09:14,140 --> 00:09:18,650 \h There's a little place near boulder called rocky flats where they use today to make plutonium. 114 00:09:18,650 --> 00:09:26,660 \h No people there. It's a really good place to fly over. But you really don't want to land there. 115 00:09:26,660 --> 00:09:30,200 \h And so you can see the helicopter, you don't get to see the barren ground 116 00:09:30,200 --> 00:09:33,790 \h where they scooped up all the earth from this view. 117 00:09:33,790 --> 00:09:37,340 \h So we are looking at America's stain in Space. 118 00:09:37,340 --> 00:09:44,660 \h America returning to Space, and American back to having human Spacecraft to where we don't rely on other assets, 119 00:09:44,660 --> 00:09:49,520 \h where we look at innovative and collaborative approaches toward partnership. 120 00:09:49,520 --> 00:09:53,950 \h One thing to remember is that while NASA is doing this for the first time, 121 00:09:53,950 --> 00:09:56,240 \h this is actually in the history of America. 122 00:09:56,240 --> 00:10:01,640 \h When you look at the original airlines that they were all started out with some input from government 123 00:10:01,640 --> 00:10:07,900 \h funding, with the companies doing their own resources and turning it into a commercially viable business, 124 00:10:07,900 --> 00:10:11,660 \h you look at airlines and you look at air mail. 125 00:10:11,660 --> 00:10:14,560 \h Government started out funding all of the air mail. 126 00:10:14,560 --> 00:10:19,060 \h It went -- city to city, landmark to landmark, to deliver that. 127 00:10:19,060 --> 00:10:25,250 \h Now you have Fedex and UPS Doing it all commercially where it is a completely viable business. 128 00:10:25,250 --> 00:10:27,520 \h So there are different ways to do business. 129 00:10:27,520 --> 00:10:29,300 \h There are different ways to do innovative, 130 00:10:29,300 --> 00:10:35,400 \h collaborative partnerships between the government and between industry that bring value to the government, 131 00:10:35,400 --> 00:10:40,220 \h that bring value to the taxpayer because there's a lot less government dollars and some 132 00:10:40,220 --> 00:10:42,750 \h corporate dollars invested where you end up with a cheaper,